Polymerisation.

Polymerisation;

Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymers.

For example;

Nylon 6,6 is obtained by polymerisation of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid.

Polytetrafluoroethylene/Teflon is obtained by polymerisation of tetrafluoroethylene.

Polyacrylonitrile is obtained by polymerisation of acrylonitrile.

Glyptal is produced by polymerisation of ethylene glycol and phthalic acid.

Polyisoprene is produced by polymerisation of isoprene.

Polychloroprene/Neoprene is produced by polymerisation of chloroprene.

Buna S is produced by polymerisation of butadiene and styrene.

Buna N is produced by polymerisation of butadiene and acrylonitrile.

Polyvinyl chloride is produced by polymerisation of vinyl chloride.

Polyvinyl acetate is produced by polymerisation of vinyl acetate.

Polystyrene is produced by polymerisation of styrene.

Polypropylene is made from the polymerisation of propylene.

Kevlar is produced by polymerisation of Benzene-1,4-diamine and Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid.

Kevlar is also produced by polymerisation of Benzene-1,4-diamine and Benzene-1,4-dicarbonyl dichloride.

Polyvinylidene fluoride is obtained from polymerisation of vinylidene fluoride.

Polyvinylidene chloride is obtained from polymerisation of vinylidene chloride.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is obtained by polymerisation of methyl methacrylate.

Polybutadiene is obtained by polymerisation of 1,3-butadiene.

Butyl rubber is obtained by polymerisation of isobutylene and isoprene.

PHBV is obtained by polymerisation of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3-hydroxypentanoic acid.

Nylon-2-Nylon-6 is obtained by polymerisation of glycine and aminocaproic acid.

Polyglycolic acid is obtained by polymerisation of glycolic acid.

Comments

Determination of molecular weight of polymers by viscosity method.

Determination of molecular weight of polymers by viscosity method. It is a simple method for determining the molecular weight of polymers. Addition of polymers in the solvent increases the viscosity of the solvent, due to introduction of inhomogeneities by the polymers. If η₀ is the viscosity of the solvent and η is the viscosity of the solution at the same temperature, then the relative viscosity is given by Relative viscosity. Specific viscosity: It is defined as the relative increase in viscosity and is given as Specific viscosity. Reduced viscosity: It is defined as the relative increase in viscosity per unit concentration (C) of polymer and is given as Reduced viscosity. Intrinsic viscosity: The reduced viscosity is dependent on concentration (C). If a graph is plotted between reduced viscosity vs concentration then the extraplotation value when C=0 is called intrinsic viscosity. Intrinsic viscosity. Graph of reduced viscosity vs concentr

Determination of molecular weight by Light scattering method.

Determination of molecular weight by Light scattering method. Due to big size macromolecules in solution, turbidity is produced. The light rays get scattered, when pass through macromolecule solution due to turbidity. The turbidity T is given by Where I₀ is the intensity of incident light. Iₜ is the intensity of transmitted light after passing through a solution of length l. In case of proteins or higher polymers the turbidity is small and is determine from the intensity of light scattered at 90° to the beam. This can be done by using a simple photometer as shown in figure below. Turbidity increase with increase in concentration as well as molecular weight. The Turbidity is related to molecular weight by the equation given by Debye. Hc/T=1/M+2Bc Where B is second virial coefficient and H is a constant. If we plot a graph between Hc/T vs c we get a straight line with intercept 1/M. Thus This curve was plotted by Zimm, so is called Zimm's Curve. Thus the c

Polypropylene (PP)

Polypropylene (PP). Polypropylene (PP) is also known as polypropene. Polypropylene is made from the polymerisation of propylene gas in the presence of Zeiglar Natta catalyst or metallocene catalyst. Polypropylene. Thus propene (or propylene) is the monomer of polypropylene. Polypropylene is a highly flammable material. It is sensitive to microbial attacks, such as bacteria and mold. It exhibits excellent resistance to diluted and concentrated acids, alcohols and bases. Polypropylene is used to make lunch boxes, margarine containers, yogurt pots, syrup bottles etc. Disposable syringes is the most common medical application of polypropylene. Polypropylene rope and twine are very strong and moisture resistant very suitable for marine applications. Polypropylene, highly colorfast, is widely used in manufacturing carpets, rugs and mats. Uses of Polypropylene. Questions on polypropylene; Q1) What is polypropylene? Ans) Polypropylene is a polymer of propylen

Polymers

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